In Indian cooking, seasoning dishes is done by tempering spices. In Telugu, we call this "popu" but for this post I'm trying to just refer to it in general as "tempering". The tempering can be done at the beginning of cooking, or at the end-depending on the dish you are preparing. For most of the vegetable curries we make, tempering is done at the beginning. It starts with heating oil in a pan, then adding spices & herbs, one by one, into the oil. This transfuses the flavors into the oil, nicely seasoning the vegetables throughout the cooking process.
When I first started cooking Indian food, I was very intimidated by the number of spices a single recipe required. However, I soon grew accustomed to it, and with a well stocked spice rack, I have mastered the tempering process. You should not try to multi-task as you are waiting to add the next ingredient, as the spices can easily burn, requiring you to begin again. (This I learned from experience :)...)
The combination of spices & herbs will vary depending on the recipe as well as the household. For example, typical South Indian tempering includes green chili pepper and dried red chili peppers. However, we eat less spicy food in our house due to health sensitivities, so our popu is made without these. Some families add asafetida to every dish, others don't.
This is my attempt to provide a mini tutorial, or at least a visual of the spices I commonly use for tempering.
* Not pictured: turmeric, curry leaves, and asafetida & salt.
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Top to bottom on right: black mustardseeds, split yellow peas, split yellow moong dal Top to bottom on left: garam masala, cumin seeds, split urad dal Center: fenugreek seeds |
Typically, I start by heating about 2 Tbs light olive oil in a skillet, over high heat. I add mustard seeds and dals and wait for the mustard seeds to begin to sputter & pop. At this time I turn the heat to low and quickly add the curry leaves, cumin seeds, and turmeric. I give a quick stir to make sure all the curry leaves come in contact with the oil, and then quickly add in the vegetables for the curry. This helps prevent burning the spices.
It may take a couple tries to get comfortable with it, but once you master it, you will be able to make any vegetable into a delicious South Indian curry :)